偏振雷达观测强对流雹暴云   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

张鸿发  郄秀书  王致君  张义军 《大气科学》2001,25(1):38-48

根据偏振雷达原理,用C波段双线偏振天气雷达观测得到4例强对流雹暴演变过程的水平反射率ZH(dBZ)和差分反射率ZDR(dB)垂直剖面RHI定量回波资料,分析了这些雹云不同演变阶段的回波参量和偏振特性的关系,说明ZH、ZDR双参量对判别降雹有着明显优势,用雨滴谱的ZH-ZDR分布边界关系对这些雹云回波进行判别降雹分析,给出我国用偏振雷达观测和识别冰雹的研究结果。  相似文献   

雷暴云下空间电荷层形成的数值研究     

孙安平  言穆弘  张义军  郄秀书 《大气科学》2001,25(1):16-24

利用一个引入了地面尖端电晕放电物理过程的二维轴对称积云起电模式，讨论了雷暴云下空间电荷层的空间分布和随时间的演化规律。在模式计算上采用了"时步分离法"，即在小时步上计算电导及各种反极性离子的复合作用，在大时步上计算平流、对流和湍流扩散项，对于不同的时间步长垂直方向采用不同的格距。通过模拟分析，得到了一些较为合理的结果。最后简单地讨论了本工作在以后需改进的地方。  相似文献   

闪电放电特征和雷暴电荷结构研究   总被引：14，自引：5，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

郄秀书  张义军  张其林 《气象学报》2005,63(5):646-658

文章综述了近10年来对闪电物理过程和雷暴电荷结构等方面的主要研究进展。利用自行研制的高时间分辨率新型闪电探测和定位技术,获得中国不同地区的闪电特征及放电参数,组织首次青藏高原综合闪电观测实验,揭示高原雷暴及其闪电活动的特殊性,并利用数值模式探讨其成因;将原子结构理论应用于闪电光谱研究,并进行闪电光谱的实验观测和理论研究,获得可见光频段的闪电光谱记录;完善空中人工引发闪电技术,解决近距离严酷电磁环境条件下闪电的光、电信号测量技术,寻找闪电双向先导传输的光学和甚高频辐射证据,并利用人工引发闪电技术对防雷设施进行试验研究;另外,在闪电与天气、气候关系的研究方面也进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

LIGHTNING DATA AND STUDY OF THUNDERSTORM NOWCASTING^*          下载免费PDF全文

Qie Xiushu  Yan Muhong  Guo Changming  Zhang Guangshu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1993,7(2):244-256

From June 30 to September 14,1989,about 2000 cloud-to-ground lightning location data have been collected by a three-direction-finder network in Beijing.These data have been used to study the spatial distribution of lightning including thunderstorm day,thunder density and thunderstorm hour.As a result of the terrain elevation,a clearly identifiable influence from the underlying topography was found.The lightning activity was mainly concentrated on the sunny side of the mountain,i.e.,the east slope of Taihang Mountain,then eastward along the south side of Yanshan Mountain.The comparison analysis of lightning data and radar echoes from several mesoscale convective systems in 1989 and 1990 suggests that lightning data can be used to determine the convective activity,its development probability and intensity.It can also be used to identify the different stages of a storm.The grid lightning data may be used in regional forecasting of storm.Case analysis shows that it is possible to forecast the position of active echo 30 minutes to an hour after lightning occurrence by using grid lightning data.  相似文献   

CCSD HP-UHP变质岩中石英脉和东海水晶流体包裹体惰性气体同位素组成及其成因指示意义   总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4  

孙晓明  徐莉  翟伟  汤倩  梁业恒  梁金龙  张泽明  沈昆 《岩石学报》2006,22(7):1999-2008

中国大陆科学钻探（CCSD）岩心中存在大量石英脉和长英质脉体，关于其成因目前存在板块折返过程中的减压和流体释放以及后期流体穿插等不同成因观点。本文利用高真空气相质谱系统分析了CCSD石英脉和东海水晶流体包裹体中惰性气体同位素组成，其He-Ar、Xe和Ne同位素体系均清楚显示它们主要由地壳变质流体和大气饱和水组成，而基本不含深源地幔流体。在CCSD900～1500m深度的石英脉流体包裹体出现^40Ar／^36Ar和δ^18O同步下降，且与前人对CCSD中HP-UHP岩石的矿物原位δ^18O测定结果变化趋势相似，说明该段原岩在板块俯冲前曾与大气降水发生较为充分的水／岩反应，石英脉继承了围岩的同位素组成特征。流体包裹体惰性气体同位素组成显示CCSD中石英脉和东海水晶可能具有相似的成因，它们均主要形成于HP-UHP岩石在板块折返到地壳中的压力降低和流体释放过程。CCSD HP-UHP岩石及其石英脉中基本不合地幔流体的原因在于本区印支期快速的俯冲和折返过程，被俯冲地壳物质无法与地幔进行充分的同位素交换。此外，退变质作用及其伴生的地壳流体也进一步减弱了HP-UHP岩石中的地幔流体信息。  相似文献   

Charge analysis on lightning discharges to the ground in Chinese inland plateau (close to Tibet)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

X. Qie  Y. Yu  X. Liu  C. Guo  D. Wang  T. Watanabe  T. Ushio 《Annales Geophysicae》2000,18(10):1340-1348

Since the summer of 1996, scientists from China and Japan have conducted a joint observation of natural cloud-to-ground lightning discharges in the Zhongchuan area that is located close to Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, China. It has been found that the long-duration of intracloud discharge processes, just before the first return stroke, lasted more than 120 ms for 85% of cloud-to-ground flashes in this area, with a mean duration of 189.7 ms and a maximum of 300 ms. We present the results of charge sources neutralized by four ground flashes and two intracloud discharge processes, just before the first return stroke, by using the data from a 5-site slow antenna network synchronized by GPS with 1 s time resolution. The result shows that the altitudes of the neutralized negative charge for three negative ground flashes were between 2.7 to 5.4 km above the ground, while that of neutralized positive charges for one positive ground flash and one continuing current process were at about 2.0 km above the ground. The comparison with radar echo showed that the negative discharges initiated in the region greater than 20 dBZ or near the edge of the region with intense echoes greater than 40 dBZ, while positive discharge initiated in the weak echo region.  相似文献   

中天山巴仑台地区花岗质岩石的Hf同位素研究：对构造演化及大陆生长的约束   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄河  王涛  秦切  侯继尧  童英  郭磊  张磊  王静  梁昭元 《地质学报》2015,89(12):2286-2313

中国中天山地块位于天山造山带的核心部位,对研究中亚造山带西南段构造演化、块体起源和陆壳生长等科学问题具有重要意义。本次研究围绕中天山地块西段巴仑台一带出露的古生代花岗质岩石展开,报道了部分代表性岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和MC-ICP-MS锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征。同时还系统总结前人发表的研究区内花岗质岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄和Lu-Hf同位素资料。本次研究的7个花岗质侵入体的锆石LA-ICPMS年龄分别为435±5 Ma、432±4 Ma、359±4 Ma、312±4 Ma、346±2 Ma、306±5 Ma和362±5 Ma。它们在成因类型上均属于I型花岗岩,起源于深部不同性质地壳物质的部分熔融,部分岩体具有壳幔混合成因。研究表明,巴仑台一带的岩浆事件主要发生在早志留世—早泥盆世(435~408 Ma)、晚泥盆世—早石炭世(370~339 Ma)和晚石炭世—中二叠世(313~263 Ma)三个阶段,第一期岩浆事件是古天山洋闭合形成的后碰撞体制以及古南天山洋俯冲导致的大陆岛弧环境共同作用的结果。而古南天山洋俯冲活动的暂停和新一轮的洋盆扩张是导致区内中、晚泥盆世岩浆活动暂停的原因。第二期花岗质侵入体是古南天山洋第二期北向俯冲所导致的大陆岛弧岩浆作用的产物,而第三期花岗质侵入体形成于古南天山洋最终闭合之后的后碰撞环境中。通过总结区内古生代花岗质岩体的锆石的Hf同位素特征,我们认为巴伦台地区前寒武基底主要形成于三个阶段:1~2.47Ga至~2.26Ga,为研究区对全球陆核生长事件的响应;2~1.47Ga至~1.25Ga,对应于哥伦比亚超大陆的裂解;3~1.20Ga至~0.90Ga,很可能是研究区对导致罗迪尼亚超大陆聚合的"Grenville运动"的响应。  相似文献   

The spectra and temperature of cloud lightning discharge channel     

Jie Wang  Ping Yuan  FengXia Guo  XiuShu Qie  YuHua Ouyang  YiJun Zhang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(7):907-912

Spectra of seven cloud lightning discharges are reported for the first time after captured with a Slit-less Spectrograph on Chinese Tibet Plateau. The structural characters are analyzed and compared with the spectra of cloud-to-ground lightning, and the results indicate that the spectra of cloud lightning show two different kinds of structure characteristics. One has the similar structure as those of cloud-toground lightning discharge, and the other is absolutely different. Meanwhile, more lines of OII with high excited energy are recorded in the spectra of cloud lightning discharge in comparison with that of cloud-to-ground lighting happening in the same region. Temperatures at different positions are calculated and temperature characteristics of these two sorts are analyzed, based to the wavelength, relative intensities and other transition parameters. We suggest that the physical process in the cloud discharge channels changes with much more rapid velocity and wider range compared to cloud-to-ground lightning. The differences between the two types of cloud discharge also reflect some discrepancies between the discharge characteristics. Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40475007) and Foundation of Northwest Normal University (Grant No. NWNU-KJCXGC-03-21)  相似文献   

地闪与对流性天气系统中降水关系的分析   总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34  

周筠君  郄秀书  张义军  葛正谟  楚荣忠  张鸿发  张广庶  王怀斌  贾伟 《气象学报》1999,57(1):103-111

利用１９９７年夏季在中国科学院兰州高原大气物理所平凉雷电与暴雹实验站设置的３站闪电定位系统所取得的地闪资料与雷达、降水及探空等资料进行了对比分析,发现地闪与对流性天气中的降水有较好的相关性,这种相关性用来对一般性对流天气中降水进行估测是可行的。通过非线性回归近似拟合得到平均雨强与对应时段内的地闪数回归方程为Ｒ＝１．６９２ｌｎＦ－０．２７３,相关系数ｒ为０．８６４１。同时地闪频数与层结最大不稳定能量一样能够指示对流性天气的发生和发展。  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of the initial stage in two artificially-triggered lightning flashes     

J. Yang  X. Qie  Q. Zhang  Y. Zhao  G. Feng  T. Zhang  G. Zhang 《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):393-398

The initial discharge stages of two flashes during the Shandong Artificially Triggering Lightning Experiment (SHATLE) are analyzed based on the synchronous data of the current and close electromagnetic field. For a lightning flash, named 0503, the wire was connected, not electrically, but via a 5 m length of nylon, with the lightning rod; while for another, named 0602, the wire was connected with the rod directly. Results show that the discharge processes of the initial stage (IS) in flash 0503 are quite different from that of the usual classical-triggered flash 0602 and altitude-triggered flashes. A large pulse with a current of about 720 A resulted from the breakdown of the 5 m air gap during flash 0503, and the corresponding electric field at 60 m from the lightning rod was 0.38 kV/m. The upward positive leaders (UPLs) propagated continuously from the tip of the rocket after this breakdown. The geometric mean (GM) of the UPL peak current was 23.0 A. Vaporization of the wire occurred during the initial continuous current (ICC) stage and the largest current pulse was about 400 A. Compared with triggered flash 0503, the discharge processes of IS in flash 0602 were simple, only two large pulses similar to each other occurred before dart leader/return stroke sequences. The peak current of the first pulse was 2.1 kA and its corresponding electric field and magnetic field at a distance of 60 m from the lightning rod were 0.98 kV/m and 7.03 μT, respectively. During the second pulse, the wire disintegrated. The current decreased to the background level at the moment of the wire disintegration. The current of the second pulse in triggered flash 0602 was 2.8 kA, and the corresponding electric field and magnetic field at 60 m from the lightning rod were 1.22 kV/m and 9.01 μT, respectively.  相似文献